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Louis Du Four de Longuerue
Louis Dufour de Longuerue (1652, Charleville-Mézières, Ardennes) – 22 November 1733), abbé of Sept-Fontaines (from 1674) and of Saint-Jean-du-Jard near Melun (from 1684), known simply as the abbé de Longuerue, was an antiquarian, a linguist and historian, a child prodigy who became the protégé of Fénelon; in his turn Longuerue encouraged the Abbé Alary and the young cartographer-to-be, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville (1697–1782), perhaps the greatest geographical author of the eighteenth century. As a philologist, he remarked on the astonishing progress the French language had made, in its refinement and conscious purification from 1630 to 1670. The abbé was a free-thinker, for a man ostensibly of the cloth: Helvétius quoted〔Helvétius, ''De L'esprit: Or, Essays on the Mind and Its Several Faculties'', ch. xxiv "Of the means of perfecting morality".〕 his remark that, if all the good and all the evil done in the name of religion were weighed together, the evil would preponderate.〔Longuerue, ''Description de France'' i, 11.〕
His great work was his ''Description de France'',〔In full, ''Description historique et géographique de la France ancienne et moderne''.〕 one of the secondary sources used by Edward Gibbon for his ''Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire''.
Louis was born in Charleville-Mézières, the son of Pierre Dufour, seigneur de Longuevue et Goisel, a ''Gentilhomme de Normandie'' and governor of Charleville.〔Biographical details are from the ''Avertissement'' to ''Longueruana'' (Berlin, 1754).〕 His elder brother, who had been expected to succeed to the title and was already a field marshal awarded the Order of St. Louis, was killed at the battle of Ramillies, 1706.
After his death in Paris a volume of ''Longueruana'' was published,〔''Longueruana, ou recueil de pensées de discours et de conversations de feu M. Louis du Four de Longuerue, abbé...'' ("Berlin", i.e. Paris: Desmarets) 1754; it is to be wondered what Longuerue would have made of the title's macaronism. A catalogue of Longuerue's letters and dissertations follows the ''Avertissement''.〕 based on the recollections of a devoted amanuensis who had transcribed Longuerue's savant conversations.〔"...le résultat de ce qui se disoit dans une conversation libre & animée, où l'on passe d'un sujet à un autre, sans suite et sans liaison... L'Auteur a écrit de suite ce qu'il avoit entendu dire, sans s'embarrasser si ce qu'il écrivoit avoit du rapport avec ce qui précédoit, ou avec ce qui suivoit." ( ''Avertissement'', 1754: xii-〕 In 1769 a further selection of fugitive pieces from among his papers was published.〔Rousselot de Surgy, ed., ''Receuil de pieces intéressantes pour servir à l'histoire de France, et autres morceaux de littérature retrouvés dans les papiers de M. l'abbé de Longuerue'' (Paris 1769).〕
==Notes==
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